« Et pour les Flamands, la même chose » : quelle politique de traduction pour quelles minorités linguistiques ?

Les recherches sur les politiques de langue passent le rôle clé des politiques de traduction sous silence. Le présent article défend l’idée que toute politique de langue présuppose une politique de traduction. À l’aide de divers exemples de conflits et de réglementations relatifs à la langue et à la traduction en Belgique (surtout) et ailleurs, il cherche à illustrer comment, dans un contexte de mondialisation grandissante, accompagnée de confrontations entre cultures et ethnicités, certaines politiques de traduction conditionnent et règlent la présence des langues minoritaires dans la sphère publique. Elles codéterminent, par conséquent, les droits linguistiques, culturels, sociaux, politiques, économiques… des minorités. Des recherches à grande échelle sur les politiques de traduction dans les sociétés passées et présentes devraient augmenter la sensibilité sociétale à l’égard du rôle clé de la traduction dans ces questions fondamentales et favoriser l’émergence de solutions raisonnées. Il s’agit là d’un nouveau défi pour la traductologie.Research on language policies in multilingual societies remains surprisingly silent about the key role of translation policies. This paper argues that any language policy presupposes a translation policy. Drawing on various examples of language and translation regulations and struggles in (mainly) Belgium and other countries, it tries to illustrate how, in a context of expanding globalization, of encounters of diverse cultures and ethnicities, various translation policies condition and regulate the presence of minority languages in the public sphere. They consequently codetermine the minorities’ linguistic, cultural, social, political, economic … rights. Large-scale future research on translation policies in past and present societies should enhance societies’ awareness of translation’s key role in these fundamental issues and allow for research-based solutions. This a new challenge for Translation Studies

Les relations littéraires au-delà des oppositions binaires : national et international, traduit et non traduit

À partir de l’exemple belge, le présent article propose une typologie des relations littéraires (traductionnelles et autres) dans les cultures multilingues où les littératures se partagent un espace commun et entretiennent des relations hiérarchiques complexes et dynamiques. En principe, les cultures multilingues peuvent constituer un réservoir de relations littéraires protéiformes et illimitées entre les diverses littératures. En pratique, l’articulation concrète des relations littéraires est tributaire de l’institutionnalisation divergente des langues et des littératures à l’intérieur d’une culture multilingue, comme une ville, une région ou une nation. Une telle perspective socio-institutionnelle permet d’appréhender quels types de relations sont susceptibles de se réaliser à l’intérieur d’un continuum de possibilités quasi illimitées. Elles brouillent partiellement les distinctions univoques entre littératures « source » et « cible » et obligent la traductologie à redéfinir certains de ses concepts clés. Si la traductologie veut se profiler comme le comparatisme du XXIe siècle, elle devra donc faire face à ces nouveaux défis.On the basis of the Belgian example, this article proposes a typology of literary relationships (translational and other) in multilingual cultures where literatures share a common space and maintain complex and dynamic hierarchical relationships. In principle, multilingual cultures may be a reservoir of multifaceted and unlimited literary relationships between various literatures. In practice, the concrete articulation of literary relationships is subject to the divergent institutionalization of languages and literatures in a multilingual culture (like a city, a region, or a nation). Such a socio-institutional perspective allows for the comprehension of what types of relations are likely to occur within a continuum of almost unlimited possibilities. They partially blur the univocal distinctions between “source” and “target” literatures and require that Translation Studies redefines some of its key concepts. If Translation Studies wants to present itself as the Comparative Literature of the 21st century, it will have to face these new challenges

August Willemsen e a tradução da literatura brasileira para a língua holandesa

The present case study draws a broad picture of the Dutch translator August Willemsen as an important cultural mediator. His translation work served as the key discursive bridge between Brazil and the Dutch-speaking world, between Brazilian literature and Dutch literature. As a typical cultural mediator, he undertook a variety of discursive transfer techniques: fictional writing, translation, transcreation, criticism, essays, studies as well as a variety of more or less institutionalised intercultural publishing and personal networking.Este estudo de caso apresenta a figura do tradutor holandês August Willemsen como um importante mediador cultural. Seu trabalho de tradução serviu de ponte discursiva entre o Brasil e o mundo falante do neerlandês, entre a literatura brasileira e a holandesa. Como um mediador cultural típico, Willemsen assumiu uma grande variedade de técnicas de transferências discursivas: escrita de ficção, tradução, transcriação, crítica, ensaios, estudos. Ele foi também agente ativo nas trocas interculturais de diferentes instituicões editoriais e nas relações interpessoais

No language policy without translation policy: A comparison of Flanders and Wales

A major challenge for authorities in the modern world is the linguistic integration of minorities. In this context, language policies play a key role as authorities are increasingly faced with the challenge of adjusting their language policies in order to secure the linguistic rights and thus the integration of their multilingual populations. In multilingual democracies, these language policies must include choices about the use or non-use of translation. These choices, when they are systematic, become policies of their own in terms of translation. Thus, translation policies arise in part as a consequence of language policies, and there can be no language policy without an attendant translation policy. This article sheds light on the role of translation policies as part of language policy. Specifically, it shows that translation policies can be a tool for integration and recognition or exclusion and neglect of speakers of minority languages and therefore deserve special attention. This is done by comparing the translation policies adopted in Flanders and Wales, both as applied to autochthonous linguistic minorities and allochthonous linguistic minorities. Lessons can be learned from the similarities and differences of translation policies in these two regions

Le Manifeste du Groupe du Lundi : une discussion intra-belge ?

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Literary Heteroglossia in translation: When the language of translation is the locus of ideological struggle

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Rewriting the history of collaboration in Belgium (1914-1918): translation and censorship in Les Archives du Conseil de Flandre

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How to conceptualize ‘agency’ within Descriptive Translation Studies?

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Cultures in contact: beyond the Nation State, but how?

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New forms of inclusion in the multilingual world: translating for the minorities

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